Oracle Instance view is a detailed real-time snapshot of an Oracle database showing performance and other critical information for a single Oracle instance. The layout of the Instance view reflects the way Oracle works at the conceptual level - from users and sessions at the top over the network down to memory components (SGA and PGA) and eventually saving the data and reading it from storage
A unique feature of Instance View is that it learns about your database over time. All databases are different both functionally and performance-wise. Some are based on expensive parallel servers, some use commodity hardware. 500 SQLs per second may be a low-activity period for some systems and extremely high for others. Insider is aware of this difference. It accumulates and analyzes the statistics collected for your database and the longer you are monitoring your database the more Insider knows about it and adjusts its visual interface to more accurately display your database performance.
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| To help Insider speed up its auto-tuning feature it is a good idea to allow it to run over both low and high-activity periods on your database. |
Just like Enterprise view Instance view displays alerts about your database. There are some differences however. The Enterprise view shows you all alerts that are triggered for the database, the Instance view does not. The Instance view shows only the alerts that are relevant in the context of a single Oracle instance. For example DataGuard alerts are not displayed on Instance view because they are outside of scope of a single Oracle instance. Likewise Oracle RAC specific alerts are not shown on Instance view either.
Another important difference is that alerts on Instance view are shown next to the component they are related to. For example "SQLs not shared" alert will be shown next to the Shared Pool component while "Temp free space" will be shown next to temp files so that the user can immediately pinpoint what component of an Oracle instance requires attention.
Other than that the alerts function in much the same way as on Enterprise view. You receive an alert notification when a new alert is triggered that draws your attention to the component. You can then click on the alert icon next to the component to see the alert or alert list for that component. You can also disable and configure alerts in the same way you do it on Enterprise view.
Item selection and context menus. Every item on Instance view can be selected with a mouse. Once the item is selected the user can bring up a context menu for this item by right-clicking on it.
Instance info box. Instance info box displays important information about the instance: database name, instance name, Oracle version and edition, operating system version, operating system host and database uptime
Sessions and network. The upper part of Instance View shows information about user sessions and network statistics. It shows the time it takes to send a simple request to the server and get back the results (response time). High response times may indicate that server is too busy or the network is experiencing a problem.
Operating system statistics. If the option to monitor operating system statistics was chosen an operating system box is dislayed in the right upper corner, showing CPU and memory statistics
System Global Area. SGA (System Global Area) box displays some vital information about Oracle shared memory areas. The caption shows the maximum size (sga_max_size) and allocated memory and pool area shows information for every memory pool configured in SGA. All memory pools configured for the instance are shown each in its own box inside SGA, including buffer caches, shared pool, large pool etc. Only the pools that are configured are shown. If for instance Keep Pool has not been configured for the instance it will not be displayed. Inside each pool's box is the information relevant for this pool including:
Program Global Area. PGA (Program Global Area) box displays some vital information about server processes private memory areas. The caption shows the maximum PGA size allocated since startup and current amount of allocated memory. PGA memory mode (MANUAL or AUTO) and hit ratio are shown in the box below the caption
Oracle Processes. One level below memory areas on Instance View is occupied by various Oracle processes including Oracle background and user processes. Each type of Oracle processes is represented by a process box. Where the number of processes can vary and the maximum can be set by initialization parameters as for parallel or shared processes the current number and the maximum are depicted by the quantity gauge below the process box.
Files. One level below processes on Instance View is occupied by various Oracle files including Oracle datafiles undo and temp tablespaces. Each type of Oracle tablespace is represented by a cylinder, showing percent used space as well as current size and maximum configured on a quantity gauge below the cylinder.
Redo logs and archive destinations. The right lower corner of the Instance view is occupied by various Oracle components related to redo generation and archiving. Redo buffer at the bottom of SGA displays important information related to the functioning of the redo buffer such as the size and redo entries per second statistics. The links connecting the redo buffer and log writer process and log writer process to online redo log show the speed at which log writer writes the information to the current redo log. Online redo log is depicted by a ring below the log writer reflecting its circular nature. The number at the top of online redo log item is the current sequence number
Oracle alert log file. Oracle alert log item is shown next to other Oracle files. Whenever an error is discovered in the Oracle alert log an alert is shown next to this item as shown on the picture:
Oracle RACe view shows an Oracle Real Application Clusters database as a whole along with some vital space and performance statistics.
Oracle RAC view shows up to 4 instances on a single page. If there are more than 4 instances in an Oracle RAC database a scrollbar is displayed so the user can scroll to the instances not currently on the view. In addition to some of the instance statistics that can also be found on the Instance view, RAC view includes some RAC-specific items such as interconnect and its transfer stats.
The interconnect item show the number of active and configured interconnects (10g and higher only) as well as reads and writes over interconnect.
If you identify a problem with an Oracle database performance you can further analyze it using drill-down views. Drill-down views are different from Enterprise and Instance views in that they do not collect their information in real-time and do not show the overall system performance but rather allow to concentrate on one specific aspect or component like e.g. Shared Pool or Network performance. Some of the drill-down views are composed of multiple subviews and some views can appear in more than one parent view:
System. Parameters, Configuration, System statistics, Charts
Sessions. All Sessions, Top Sessions, Locks, Processes, Statistics.
Top. Top SQL, Top Sessions, Top segments
Memory. Buffer pools, Buffer wait stats, Shared pool stats, PGA stats
Waits. Events, Locks, Buffer wait stats, All latches, Parent and child latches, Current latch holders
Storage. Tablespaces.
I/O. Files, Top Segments, Logical, Physical, Tables
Buffer cache. Buffer pool list, Buffer wait statistics.
I/O. Segments, Logical I/O, Physical I/O, Tables scan statistics.
Undo. Undo tablespaces, Statistics, Undo retention
Redo. Redo groups and members, Log switch history, Statistics, Archived logs
Temp. Files
Backup. Archived logs.
Network. Statistics.
All drill-down views share some common widgets used to display or change the settings for the view.
Drill-down view toolbar located just above the view allows to refresh the contents of the view manually (Refresh button on the left) or set the interval to automatically update the view.
The rotating flower icon on the left shows that the view is being updated. Once the update is complete the last update time is shown on the toolbar.
Some views also have other controls on the toolbar specific to the view, for example, Kill Session button on the Sessions view.
Tables are often used to display list-like (processes list) or tree-like (explain plan) information in drill-down views.
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The user can sort by a single column, move, resize and change the order of columns, show or hide a colum and copy or export the contents of the table. To copy a row or rows in a table select the row or multiple rows using Ctrl or Shift buttons, right-click on the table and select or . The copied rows are placed on the clipboard. | |
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To hide or show a column in a table right-click on any column caption and check or uncheck the columns you need to show or hide. To sort by a column simply click on its caption. To sort in descending order click again. To change the order of columns click on a column caption and drag it to the desired location. To resize a column position the mouse between the column captions click and drag the caption end to the desired width. |
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Drill-down charts are used to visualize performance statistics over time. Drill-down charts can be configured to display a single or multiple statistics at the same time and move or narrow/stretch the time period to see statistics for.
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Drill-down charts settings can be adjusted using drill-down chart configuration dialog. Press the button at the top of the drill-down chart. In the configuration dialog you can add or remove statistics from the chart, change the line thickness, color and read the description of the statistics. Drill-down chart has three major components: the chart area, the overview band/time period chooser and the legend. The chart area is where the charts are displayed. The overview band and time period chooser become visible when the mouse is positioned over the overview line. The overview band shows all available statistics values. The time chooser allows to move and change the width of the selected time period. The legend shows the selected statistics and their chart color. |
Choosing time period. You can change the selected time period by moving it back and forth in time and by narrowing or stretching the time period.
Moving time period. The easiest way to move the selected time period is by dragging the chart area. Position your mouse over the chart area, press its left button and drag the mouse to the right or to the left to move the time period. The same can be achieved by positioning the mouse over the time chooser handle and dragging it in the desired direction.
Stretching time period. To narrow or widen the selected time period position your mouse over the overview line. The overview band and the time period chooser will show up. Position your mouse over the left or the right handle of the time period chooser and drag it to narrow or widen the time period. There are also shortcuts for the most common time periods in the upper part of the chart area.
Flat charts are most often to display 24 hours by 7 days summary of some performance statistics. The values are shown with the intensity of the color. The legend below the chart helps understand the distribution of statistics and the actual value can be seen by hovering the mouse over the corresponding square.
Oracle System view has 4 subviews that allow you to view and edit Oracle initialization parameters including hidden parameters, other important database and instance configuration data, system statistics table and charts. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle System view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in System view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open System view double-click on an Oracle database and choose System tab.
Parameters. To view or edit Oracle initialization parameters click on the Parameters tab below System view tab. You can sort Parameters list by any colum, filter by name by typing the first letters of the parameter name into Filter by name box. You can also choose to see only the modified parameters and show or hide hidden parameters.
Editing parameters. To change the value of a parameter select an editable parameter in the list (parameters that cannot be edited are shown on a gray background) and press Edit Parameter button or simply double-click the on parameter.
Configuration. Configuration subview shows other important Oracle database and instance configuration data as well as licensing, options and NLS parameters. To open Configuration view click on the Configuration tab below System view tab.
System statistics. System statistics subview shows Oracle system statistics (current value).
Charts. System statistics charts subview allows to select any number of Oracle statistics and add them to a drill-down chart. A month worth of statistics history can be analyzed.
Sessions view can be used to view Oracle user sessions and processes, find the sessions that consume most of the system resources, kill and trace sessions. Sessions view includes 5 subviews: all sessions, top sessions, locks, processes and statistics
Oracle Sessions view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently connected to the database and the details for the selected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Sessions view can be filtered, sorted and searched, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in Sessions view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To search - click in the column and start typing a search expression. Use up-down arrows on the toolbar to move to the next occurrence. To open Sessions view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions tab.
Current session. The current (own) session is always highlighted for easy identification
Activity column. One column in the All Sessions list is a special column in that its value is not directly retrieved from Oracle but rather calculated based on the sessions statistics. The value is displayed as a speed gauge and the more active the session is i.e. the more resources it is using on the server the faster the speed gauge moves. The rotation of the speed gauge helps easily and quickly pinpoint the sessions that are the most resource-intensive right now. This column is shown for active sessions only.
Long op column. The long op column is based on the Oracle long op (long operations) statistics. If a session is reported by Oracle as performing a long operation this column shows the estimated percentage of work done as a progress bar.
Parallel server sessions. You can easily see which sessions spawned parallel servers and how many. Parallel server sessions are displayed under their query coordinator as shown on the picture:
Advanced session filter. Session filters can help find only the sessions the users interested in or speed up session information retrieval. All session filters are applied before the sessions are retrieved from the database and they can be especially helpful if there are too many concurrently connected sessions. Session view offers some preconfigured session filters like active sessions, long SQLs or waiting sessions. In addition to the preconfigured filter the user can add his own custom filters using all available columns, grouping if necessary using brackets, AND, OR and all operators and functions available in Oracle SQL. To get the list of available columns right-click inside the filter condition field.
Killing or disconnecting a user session. To kill or disconnect a user session select the session in the list and press Kill Session toolbar button. You can choose whether to allow the current transaction to finish to kill immediately. In some cases it is preferrable to kill the shadow process first. It is not recommended by Oracle but sometimes it is the only way to ensure that killed session does not hang in the database until reboot. Use this option only if you cannot get rid of killed sessions otherwise.
Starting/stopping trace for a session. To start/stop trace for a selected session or sessions select the session(s) and press Start trace or Stop trace buttons.
Top sessions view can be used to find sessions that consume most of the system resources. Select the statistics to sort the sessions by in the list on the toolbar and the number of top sessions to display.
All statistics or selected only. Top sessions view has an option to display all statistics for all top sessions or only the statistics by which the sessions are sorted.
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If Show All option was chosen the top sessions will be displayed as 3D charts where each chart shows all statistics for the session. The legend at the bottom of the view explains what statistics are displayed. The actual values are shown right below the chart. If Selected only was chosen a single 3D chart shows the selected statistic value for all top sessions. The session attributes (SID, serial# and username or background process) are displayed next to the session's bar. |
Oracle Locks view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently holding or requesting a lock and the details for the selected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Locks view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in Locks view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Locks view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions/Locks tab.
Holders and waiters. You can easily see which sessions are waiting for other sessions to release a lock. The waiters are shown under the holders in the order in which they requested a lock and the object they are waiting for is displayed next to the waiting session. For example in a situation as shown on the picture:
Killing or disconnecting a user session. To kill or disconnect a user session select the session in the list and press Kill Session toolbar button. You can choose whether to allow the current transaction to finish to kill immediately. In some cases it is preferrable to kill the shadow process first. It is not recommended by Oracle but sometimes it is the only way to ensure that killed session does not hang in the database until reboot. Use this option only if you cannot get rid of killed sessions otherwise.
Starting/stopping trace for a session. To start/stop trace for a selected session or sessions select the session(s) and press Start trace or Stop trace buttons.
Oracle Processes view shows a list of Oracle processes as returned by V$PROCESS system view. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Processes view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Oracle processes view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions/Processes tab.
Oracle session statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays session-related Oracle statistics:
Oracle Top view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs, sessions or database segments that account for most I/O
Oracle Top SQL view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs in terms of logical or physical I/O, CPU or other criteria. You can select the number of top N SQLs to display and the statistic to sort by: buffer gets, disk reads, executions etc.
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle SQL view can be sorted by clicking on a column but it is important to know that sorting affects only the top N SQLs that were retrieved according to the criteria (buffer gets, disk reads etc.), The columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in SQL view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open SQL view double-click on an Oracle database and choose SQL/Top SQL tab.
To see the details for a SQL select it in the list. The full text, explain plan and SQL statistics are displayed in the panels below.
Top sessions view can be used to find sessions that consume most of the system resources. Select the statistics to sort the sessions by in the list on the toolbar and the number of top sessions to display.
All statistics or selected only. Top sessions view has an option to display all statistics for all top sessions or only the statistics by which the sessions are sorted.
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If Show All option was chosen the top sessions will be displayed as 3D charts where each chart shows all statistics for the session. The legend at the bottom of the view explains what statistics are displayed. The actual values are shown right below the chart. If Selected only was chosen a single 3D chart shows the selected statistic value for all top sessions. The session attributes (SID, serial# and username or background process) are displayed next to the session's bar. |
To find out what tables/indexes are most heavily stressed or cause contention choose Segments I/O view. For example, to pinpoint the table, index or materialized view that accounts for most physical I/O select physical reads or writes in the list on the toolbar and sort the segments list by value in descending order by clicking on Value column caption.
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| Segments I/O view is available on Oracle 9i Release 2 and higher only. |
Full statistics for the selected segment are shown in the Stats tab below the segments list.
Oracle Top view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs, sessions or database segments that account for most I/O
Oracle buffer pools view shows the list of buffer pools, configured for the system, including default buffer pools for all data block sizes, keep and recycle pools.
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle buffer pools view can be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Buffer pools view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Memory/Buffer Pool tab.
The statistics for a buffer pool are shown in the buffer pool statistics tab when a buffer pool is selected in the list.
Oracle buffer pool contents view shows all objects currently held in a buffer cache and the size they occupy.
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle buffer pool contents view can be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Buffer pool contents view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Memory/Buffer Pool Content tab.
The statistics for a buffer pool are shown in the buffer pool statistics tab when a buffer pool is selected in the list.
The type of buffer that causes the most waits can be found using the Wait statistics view. This view shows the waits per buffer type for buffer busy waits
Oracle shared pool statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays shared pool-related Oracle statistics:
PGA statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays PGA-related Oracle statistics:
Oracle Waits view shows Oracle wait events and their related statistics. The user can choose to display or hide idle wait events
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Waits view can be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in Waits view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Waits view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Waits tab.
To see the history for a wait event or a group of wait events select the wait events in the list. The wait history chart shows wait event statistics for a week. If several wait events have been selected their statistics are added up.
Oracle Locks view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently holding or requesting a lock and the details for the selected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Locks view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in Locks view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Locks view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions/Locks tab.
Holders and waiters. You can easily see which sessions are waiting for other sessions to release a lock. The waiters are shown under the holders in the order in which they requested a lock and the object they are waiting for is displayed next to the waiting session. For example in a situation as shown on the picture:
Killing or disconnecting a user session. To kill or disconnect a user session select the session in the list and press Kill Session toolbar button. You can choose whether to allow the current transaction to finish to kill immediately. In some cases it is preferrable to kill the shadow process first. It is not recommended by Oracle but sometimes it is the only way to ensure that killed session does not hang in the database until reboot. Use this option only if you cannot get rid of killed sessions otherwise.
Starting/stopping trace for a session. To start/stop trace for a selected session or sessions select the session(s) and press Start trace or Stop trace buttons.
The type of buffer that causes the most waits can be found using the Wait statistics view. This view shows the waits per buffer type for buffer busy waits
Oracle latches view shows the list of latches, parent and child latches and current latch holders.
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle latches view can be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Latches view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Lathces tab.
Oracle Storage view shows the tablespaces, datafiles, objects and space usage statistics.
You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Storage view can be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in Storage view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Storage view double-click on an Oracle database and choose Storage tab.
To see the details for a tablespace select it in the list. The data or temp files that belong to the selected tablespace and the objects (segments) that reside in the selected tablespace are displayed in the panels below. For example to find the largest table in a tablespace, select the tablespace in the list, then open Objects tab below and sort by Size column.
I/O view helps identify and eliminate I/O bottlenecks and both physical and logical I/O related problems. I/O view includes 4 subviews: segments, logical I/O, physical I/O and table scans.
Files I/O view shows the breakdown of I/O activity by Oracle files. By sorting this view you can find out what files and tablespaces account for most I/O activity
To find out what tables/indexes are most heavily stressed or cause contention choose Segments I/O view. For example, to pinpoint the table, index or materialized view that accounts for most physical I/O select physical reads or writes in the list on the toolbar and sort the segments list by value in descending order by clicking on Value column caption.
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| Segments I/O view is available on Oracle 9i Release 2 and higher only. |
Full statistics for the selected segment are shown in the Stats tab below the segments list.
Logical I/O view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays logical I/O-related Oracle statistics:
Physical I/O view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays physical I/O-related Oracle statistics:
Table scans view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays table scans-related Oracle statistics:
Undo view can be used to analyze undo-related problems such as ORA-01555 errors or tune undo retention. Undo view includes 3 subviews: undo tablespaces, statistics and undo retention.
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| Undo view is available on Oracle 9i and higher only. |
Undo tablespaces view shows the list of undo tablespaces configured for the database. The tabs below the list show the details about the selected undo tablespace, such as files that comprise the tablespace, rollback segments and their statistics and current transactions using the tablespace.
To find out what was the longest query on the database or when most undo was generated or what was the highest number of concurrently running transaction use Undo statistics view. Undo statistics view is based on V$UNDOSTAT system view and shows undo statistics for the past week grouped by hour in a 24x7 flat chart.
Redo view can be used to analyze redo-related statistics and current redo logs configuration. Undo view includes 3 subviews: redo groups and members, log switch history and statistics.
Redo groups view shows the list of redo log groups configured for the database. When a group is selected its members are shown in the redo members table. The current group is highlighted.
Log switch history view helps find out how often and when most of redo log switches occured and shows the redo log switch statistics for the past 2 weeks grouped by hour in a 24x14 flat chart.
Redo statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays redo-related Oracle statistics:
Network statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. It collects and displays network-related Oracle statistics: